About
Rising like a spike out of the shallow waters of Thailand’s Phang Nga Bay is a 66-foot-tall vertical pillar of rock, stretching wider at the top than it does at the bottom. Although this tower karst was a relatively unknown indigenous site before the early '70s, that all changed when the British Secret Service’s number one agent came to town.
In 1974, the James Bond film The Man With the Golden Gun was released. One of the film’s scenes featured Bond’s nemesis, Francisco Scaramanga, hiding out at Phang Nga Bay and using the solar panels on the island to power his laser gun. The movie, which referred to the island as a “mushroom-shaped rock,” catapulted Phang Nga Bay’s tourism industry, so much so that the island was dedicated to 007 himself with the name of James Bond Island.
But James Bond is not the only namesake of the tall little islet, which is located just offshore from Khao Phing Kan island, part of Ao Phang Nga National Park. According to local mythology, the island was created when one day a Thai fisherman failed to catch a single fish and came up only with a nail. In frustration, he'd throw the nail into the ocean, but magically, the nail would return to his hand. In anger, the fisherman cut the nail in half with a knife, letting the half-nail fall into the bay. To the fisherman's astonishment, the half-nail erupted to form the giant nail-shaped limestone tower that stands today, giving it its original Thai name, Ko Ta Pu, or Nail Island.
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- United States Senate PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs *** Carl Levin, Chairman Tom Coburn, Ranking Minority Member KEEPING FOREIGN CORRUPTION OUT OF THE UNITED STATES: FOUR CASE HISTORIES MAJORITY AND MINORITY STAFF REPORT PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE RELEASED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS FEBRUARY 4, 2010 HEARING SENATOR CARL LEVIN Chairman SENATOR TOM COBURN, M.D. Ranking Minority Member PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS ELISE J. BEAN Staff Director and Chief Counsel ROBERT L. ROACH Counsel and Chief Investigator LAURA E. STUBER Counsel ADAM K. PARKS ICE Detailee JASON E. MEDICA ICE Detailee ADAM HENDERSON Professional Staff Member ROBERT KAPLAN Intern CHRISTOPHER J. BARKLEY Staff Director to the Minority JUSTIN J. ROOD Senior Investigator to the Minority MARY D. ROBERTSON Chief Clerk 7/10 Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations 199 Russell Senate Office Building – Washington, D.C. 20510 Main Number: 202/224-9505 Web Address: www.hsgac.senate.gov [Follow Link to “Subcommittees,” to “Investigations”] i KEEPING FOREIGN CORRUPTION OUT OF THE UNITED STATES: FOUR CASE HISTORIES TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. .............................................. ... 1 A. Findings . . . . . . . . ..................................................... ... 5 (1) Lawyers......................................................... ... 5 (2) Real Estate Agents................................................. ... 5 (3) Escrow Agents.................................................... ... 5 (4) Lobbyist......................................................... ... 5 (5) Offshore Corporations.............................................. ... 5 (6) University. ...................................................... ... 5 (7) Personal Accounts. ................................................ ... 5 (8) Government Accounts.............................................. ... 6 (9) Correspondent Accounts. ........................................... ... 6 (10) Vendor PEP Lists. ................................................ ... 6 B. Recommendations..................................................... ... 6 (1) World Bank PEP Recommendations................................... ... 6 (2) Real Estate and Escrow Agent Exemptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 (3) Attorney-Client and Law Office Accounts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 (4) U.S. Shell Corporations............................................. ... 6 (5) Immigration Restriction............................................. ... 6 (6) Visa Restriction. .................................................. ... 7 (7) Professional Guidelines............................................. ... 7 (8) FATF Recommendations............................................ ... 7 II. FOREIGN CORRUPTION AND MONEY LAUNDERING. ................... ... 8 III. OBIANG CASE STUDY: USING U.S. LAWYERS, REAL ESTATE AND ESCROW AGENTS, AND WIRE TRANSFER SYSTEMS TO BRING SUSPECT FUNDS INTO THE UNITED STATES. ........................................... ... 15 A. Background. . .. ...................................................... ... 18 B. Obiang Use of Attorneys To Bring Suspect Funds Into the United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 (1) Attorney Michael J. Berger.......................................... ... 26 (a) Incorporating Shell Companies and Paying Bills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 (b) Bringing In and Moving Suspect Funds.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 i. Union Bank of California..................................... ... 30 ii. Bank of America. .......................................... ... 35 iii. Citibank .................................................. ... 43 iv. PayPal.................................................... ... 45 (c) Compensation. ............................................... ... 46 (2) Attorney George I. Nagler. .......................................... ... 47 (a) Incorporating Shell Companies. .................................. ... 48 ii (b) Bringing In and Moving Suspect Funds.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 i. Cal National Bank. ......................................... ... 51 ii. City National Bank.......................................... ... 54 iii. Pacific Mercantile Bank...................................... ... 62 (c) Obtaining Insurance for Obiang Assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 (d) Awareness of the Suspect Origins of Obiang Funds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 (3) Analysis. ........................................................ ... 70 C. Obiang Use of Real Estate and Escrow Agents To Purchase U.S. Property With Suspect Funds. ....................................................... ... 73 (1) Real Estate Agent Neil Baddin. ...................................... ... 74 (2) Real Estate Agent John Kerrigan...................................... ... 81 (3) Analysis. ........................................................ ... 85 D. Obiang Use of a U.S. Escrow Agent To Purchase a Private Jet with Suspect Funds.. . . . 85 E. Obiang Use of U.S. Wire Transfer Systems To Move Millions of Dollars in Suspect Funds. ....................................................... ... 97 (1) $73 Million Wired Through Wachovia Bank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 (2) $37 Million Wired Through Citibank. ................................. ... 101 F. Conclusion. .. ........................................................ ... 105 IV. BONGO CASE STUDY: USING LOBBYIST, FAMILY, AND U.S. TRUST ACCOUNTS TO BRING SUSPECT FUNDS INTO THE UNITED STATES. .... ... 106 A. Background. . ........................................................ ... 106 B. Bongo Use of U.S. Lobbyist To Purchase Armored Cars and C-130 Aircraft. . . . . . . . . . 110 (1) Purchase of Armored Cars........................................... ... 114 (2) Purchase of C-130 Aircraft. ......................................... ... 120 (3) Conduit for Suspect Funds. ......................................... ... 139 (4) Analysis. ........................................................ ... 142 C. Bongo Use of a Daughter’s U.S. Bank Accounts To Move Suspect Funds Into the United States. ........................................................ ... 142 (1) HSBC Bank. ..................................................... ... 143 (2) Commerce Bank. ................................................. ... 145 (3) JP Morgan Chase.................................................. ... 158 (4) Analysis. ........................................................ ... 159 D. Bongo Use of U.S. Trust Account. ....................................... ... 159 (1) Fidelity Investments. .............................................. ... 161 (2) HSBC Bank. ..................................................... ... 165 (3) Analysis. ........................................................ ... 171 E. Conclusion. .. ........................................................ ... 171 V. ABUBAKAR CASE STUDY: USING OFFSHORE COMPANIES TO BRING SUSPECT FUNDS INTO THE UNITED STATES............................ ... 173 A. Background. .. ....................................................... ... 174 B. Using Offshore Corporations To Bring Suspect Funds Into the United States.. . . . . . . . . 188 (1) Citibank. ........................................................ ... 189 (2) Chevy Chase. .................................................... ... 202 (3) Wachovia Bank. .................................................. ... 211 iii (4) Eagle Bank....................................................... ... 221 (5) Suntrust Bank. ................................................... ... 222 (6) Overview of Offshore Funds. ........................................ ... 226 C. American University and AUN........................................... ... 233 D. Conclusion. .. ........................................................ ... 241 VI. ANGOLA CASE STUDY: EXPLOITING POOR PEP CONTROLS. ........... ... 243 A. Background. .. ....................................................... ... 244 B. An Angolan PEP: Moving Millions of Dollars For An Arms Dealer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 (1) Background. ..................................................... ... 249 (2) Falcone Accounts at Bank of America. ................................ ... 252 (3) Analysis. ........................................................ ... 261 C. An Angolan Government Official: Moving $50 Million at the Request of the Governor of the Angolan Central Bank. ................................... ... 269 (1) Background. ..................................................... ... 270 (2) First Attempt To Transfer the $50 Million. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 (3) Second Attempt To Transfer the $50 Million. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 (4) Analysis. ........................................................ ... 299 D. An Angolan Financial Institution: Moving Hundreds of Millions of Dollars For Banco Africano de Investimentos. ........................................ ... 299 (1) Background. ..................................................... ... 299 (2) HSBC USA Accounts.............................................. ... 302 (3) BAI’s Hidden Owners. ............................................. ... 303 (4) BAI’s Missing AML Policies and Procedures.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 (5) BAI Credit Cards.................................................. ... 315 (6) No SCC Designation Despite PEP Involvement.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 E. Conclusion. . . .. ...................................................... ... 323 # # #
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