Scissor Arches

The scissor arches of Wells Cathedral, completed in the mid-14th century, are an impressive architectural solution to a structural crisis. Built on marshy ground, Wells Cathedral came under considerable pressure under the weight of its central tower, which had been raised in the early 14th century. Cracks were forming, necessitating urgent action. The scissor arches designed by master mason William Joy were an ingenious solution to stabilize the tower without compromising the splendor of the cathedral.

The arches, which resemble giant intersecting scissors, span the nave and crossing, creating a unique and dynamic visual effect. Their function was to counteract the outward pressure of the tower by transferring the weight and load to the ground. The scissor arches were built in an age of Gothic innovation and testify to the progressive understanding of technical principles of the time and the willingness to experiment with unconventional forms.

Artistically, the Scissor Arches challenge traditional notions of Gothic design, which often emphasizes verticality and lightness. These robust, geometric structures bring a bold, almost modern aesthetic to the medieval context. Their angular forms contrast with the flowing lines of the tracery and ribbed vaults, emphasizing their structural purpose while contributing to the visual diversity of the cathedral.

The inclusion of decorative elements such as carved bosses and cornices ensures that the arches harmonize with their surroundings. Despite their utilitarian origins, they are not merely functional, but imbued with the Gothic emphasis on beauty and craftsmanship.

Today, Scissor Arches are celebrated as a testament to medieval ingenuity. Not only do they represent a solution to a critical architectural problem, but they are also a distinctive artistic feature that sets Wells Cathedral apart from others.